Instructional Design Defined
Instructional Design or sometimes referred to as Instructional Technology or Educational Technology, contains several definitions and meanings. To limit confusion, I will discuss the field as Instructional Design. Berger & Kam, (1996) defined instructional design as a process, a discipline, a science, a reality, a system, a technology and development (para. 1-8). In summary, Instructional Design is a relatively new discipline, created for helping students and teachers learn in the most effective way. The word “Instructional” implies that this is a study of a learning process. In order to help teachers, the instructional designers must have an understanding of psychology, the discipline that deals with the way humans think and behave; two important factors that create our human experience. Instructional designers must focus on motivational theories to help students learn in the most effective way. Applying I.D. Techniques to Motivate Students
Research shows that setting objectives is an effective way of helping students learn and recall information (Briggs, Gustafson, & Tillman, 1992, p. 110). Learning becomes very frustrating when a student does not understand the goal(s) of the project. It is important for the students to set not only the long term goals of the project, but the short term goals as well (Briggs, Gustafson, & Tillman, 1992, p. 110). This Applications of Technology course, for instance, is presented with both short and long term goals. One of the long term goals for this course is to create a blog website. Instead of presenting the blog website project on the first week of class and giving the students a few months to explore, the students are given short term projects or milestones to help them develop the skills to complete the blog. I believe that the course layoff keeps the students motivated because the short term projects help prepare the students to complete the blog website. The ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction) model encourages successful achievement of objectives (Branch & Fitzgerald, 1999, p. 89). The four components of the ARCS model are essential in helping motivate students.
Attention: It is important to grab the students’ attention through posing questions and giving them a variety of examples and exercises that can keep them interested (Branch & Fitzgerald, 1999, p. 89). In the distance learning course that I teach, I give students a variety of math problems to keep them interested, as well as to give them opportunities to practice.
Relevance: Students need to understand the purpose of the project or material that is being taught. The students need to be presented with objectives (Branch & Fitzgerald, 1999, p. 89). The students need to be able to relate the material to their previous experiences or future goals (Branch & Fitzgerald, 1999, p. 89). This course emphasizes relevance because this assignment is tied directly to my interests in the future. OneNote is a very important tool for instructional designers to understand, but more importantly the research is tied directly to my career endeavor.
Confidence: Students feel confidence when the learning requirements are clear, opportunities to succeed in learning are obvious, and the students feel that they have the ability to learn on their own (Branch & Fitzgerald, 1999, p. 89). In distance learning courses, the students are more likely to succeed if they have intrinsic motivation. However, it is still important for the teacher to have confidence in the students and to make sure the requirements are clear.
Satisfaction: Students must have a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction (Branch & Fitzgerald, 1999, p. 89). I have noticed that extra credit can be a positive motivator, as well as introducing a variety of methods to learn (i.e. YouTube videos, podcasts, links, exercises etc.).
Work Cited
Berger, C. Lubowe & R.Kam (1996, Oct. 18). Definitions of Instructional Design. Retrieved from http://www.umich.edu/~ed626/define.htmlBranch, M.B. & Fitzgerald, M.A (1999). Educational Media and Technology Yearbook. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ScG4TZE4h_EC&oi=fnd&pg=PA89&dq=apply+instructional+design+to+motivate+students&ots=3s1sx1k1fO&sig=0V_nFayXXe7a5cWTW4c6xINMQI0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Briggs, L., Gustafson, K., & Tillman, M. (1992). Instructional Design Principles and Applications. Implementation (2nd edition). Retrieved from
http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ScG4TZE4h_EC&oi=fnd&pg=PA89&dq=apply+instructional+design+to+motivate+students&ots=3s1sx1k1fO&sig=0V_nFayXXe7a5cWTW4c6xINMQI0#v=onepage&q&f=false
I hadn't read about the ARCS model before reading your blog. After reading your introduction, I Googled it and discovered that it's actually ubiquitous in the education and corporate training world. In our district, we currently use a Rigor, Relevance and Relationships model which aligns with it's attention/relevance aspects. I wonder about whether the ARCS model was used in developing that framework.
ReplyDeleteI like the way you drew parallels between the structure of INST 6031 and the ARCS model. The design of this course does reflect an adherence to the model whether the designer intended it to do so or not.
Very well written.
I like the way you presented the basic information i needed as a newbie in Instructional technology field. I've been using technology even since I started teaching as supplemental tool, but now I'm glad that I can design my own curriculum. in that way, I can tailor my lessons according to my kids need. Since kids nowadays prefer to pay attention more to technology than their teachers, I might as well take advantage of technology tools that I can use in my classroom to maximize the students learning potentials.
ReplyDeleteStudent engagement is the key to success for any student success. The ARCS model is one technique that I have not used, however, I have used the Rigor, Relevance and Relationships model, which contains some aspects of the ARCS model. Two great features that I really like about this model is Confidence and Satisfaction. Confidence is so important! Students will only reach up to YOUR set standards. If your expectation "bar" is set too low, then their level of success will be low. We want our students to surpass our standards and the sky is the limit. If we don't have confidence in our students, they will not have confidence in themselves. Secondly, satisfaction is a great way to show how proud you are of your students. Displaying their work, showing their work to other teachers and students proudly is a great way to keep everyone motivated and excited about the next project and/or assignment. The ARCS model is a great cycle to use within the classroom.
ReplyDeleteGreat job on the blog! It is always great to see new and fresh ideas brought to the classroom.